Methods using a mobile device to provide data for insurance premiums to a remote computer

ABSTRACT

A method for providing vehicle operation data to a remote computer or server for calculation of a vehicle insurance premium for a period of time based at least in part on collected vehicle operation data, wherein the method includes steps of: collecting vehicle operation data via a mobile device while the mobile device is associated with an operating vehicle, wherein the vehicle operation data has insurance risk predictive power; and transmitting the collected vehicle operation data from the mobile device to a remote computer. The remote computer or server receives collected vehicle operation data, stores the collected vehicle operation data in a database, a determines a vehicle insurance premium via a rating engine based at least in part on collected vehicle operation data.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/589,618 filed Jan. 5, 2015, which is a Continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 13/763,050 filed Feb. 8, 2013, which is aDivisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/490,166 filed Jun. 6,2012, which is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/477,793 filed May 22, 2012, which is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S.application Ser. No. 13/172,240 filed Jun. 29, 2011. The contents ofwhich are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to systems and methods forcollecting and evaluating driving behavior data and/or drivingenvironment data, and using such data to calculate insurance premiums.Aspects of the data collection, evaluation, and/or premium calculationmay be provided by a mobile device, e.g., a smart phone.

BACKGROUND

Improvements in roadway and automobile designs have steadily reducedinjury and death rates in developed countries. Nevertheless, autocollisions are still the leading cause of injury-related deaths, anestimated total of 1.2 million worldwide in 2004, or 25% of the totalfrom all causes. Further, driving safety is particularly important forhigher-risk drivers such as teens and elderly drivers, as well ashigher-risk passengers such as infant and elderly passengers. Forexample, motor vehicle crashes are the number one cause of death forAmerican teens.

Thus, driving safety remains a critical issue in today's society.Various efforts and programs have been initiated to improve drivingsafety over the years. For example, driving instruction courses (oftenreferred to as “drivers ed”) are intended to teach new drivers not onlyhow to drive, but how to drive safely. Typically, an instructor rides asa passenger and provides instruction to the learning driver, andevaluates the driver's performance. As another example, “defensivedriving” courses aim to reduce the driving risks by anticipatingdangerous situations, despite adverse conditions or the mistakes ofothers. This can be achieved through adherence to a variety of generalrules, as well as the practice of specific driving techniques. Defensivedriving course provide a variety of benefits. For example, in manystates, a defensive driving course can be taken as a way to dismisstraffic tickets, or to qualify the driver for a discount on carinsurance premiums.

From the perspective of an automobile insurance provider, the providerseeks to assess the risk level associated with a driver and price aninsurance policy to protect against that risk. The process ofdetermining the proper cost of an insurance policy, based on theassessed risk level, is often referred to as “rating.” The ratingprocess may include a number of input variables, including experiencedata for the specific driver, experience data for a class of drivers,capital investment predictions, profit margin targets, and a widevariety of other data useful for predicting the occurrence of accidentsas well as the amount of damage likely to result from such accidents.

In the industry today, driving behavior data for insurance ratingpurposes is collected by specialized devices that plug into vehicle dataports. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,832,141, issued to Skeen et al.,discloses an onboard diagnostic memory module that is configured to pluginto the OBD II port. The memory module is preprogrammed with datacollection parameters through microprocessor firmware by connection to aPC having programming software for the module firmware. Data is recordedon a trip basis. Intelligent interrogation occurs by interpretivesoftware from an interrogating PC to retrieve a trip-based and organizeddata set including hard and extreme acceleration and deceleration,velocity (in discrete bands), distance traveled, as well as the requiredSAE-mandated operating parameters.

SUMMARY

In accordance with the teachings of the present disclosure, a mobiledevice, such as a smartphone, is used to collect and transmit vehicleoperation data, rather than a specialized device that plugs into avehicle data port.

According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a system fordetermining a vehicle insurance premium for a period of time based atleast in part on collected vehicle operation data, the systemcomprising: a mobile device, comprising: one or more sensors associatedwith the mobile device and configured to automatically collect vehicleoperation data during a data collection session; a processor; anon-transitory storage medium; a display; a transmitter; and a set ofcomputer readable instructions stored in the non-transitory storagemedium and when executed by the processor configured to allow the mobiledevice to collect vehicle operation data and transmit the collectedvehicle operation data; and a remote processing computer, comprising: aserver that receives collected vehicle operation data; a database thatstores collected vehicle operation data; and a rating engine thatdetermines a vehicle insurance premium based at least in part oncollected vehicle operation data.

A further aspect of the invention provides a system for a method fordetermining a vehicle insurance premium for a period of time based atleast in part on collected vehicle operation data, the methodcomprising: collecting vehicle operation data via a mobile device whilethe mobile device is associated with an operating vehicle; transmittingthe collected vehicle operation data from the mobile device to a remotecomputer; and calculating an insurance premium based at least in part onthe collected vehicle operation data.

Still another aspect of the invention provides for a method forproviding vehicle operation data to a remote computer for calculation ofa vehicle insurance premium for a period of time based at least in parton collected vehicle operation data, the method comprising: collectingvehicle operation data via a mobile device while the mobile device isassociated with an operating vehicle; and transmitting the collectedvehicle operation data from the mobile device to a remote computer.

According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a methodfor determining a vehicle insurance premium for a period of time basedat least in part on collected vehicle operation data, the methodcomprising: receiving at a remote computer the collected vehicleoperation data from a mobile device; and calculating an insurancepremium based at least in part on the collected vehicle operation data.

Another aspect of the invention provides a tangible computer readablestorage medium containing instructions that, when executed on by aprocessor, perform the following steps: collecting vehicle operationdata via a mobile device while the mobile device is associated with anoperating vehicle; and transmitting the collected vehicle operation datafrom the mobile device to a remote processing computer.

According to still a further aspect of the invention, there is provideda mobile device comprising: at least one sensor that detects acharacteristic of the mobile device selected from distance traveled,location, time, and g-force dynamics; a processor; a tangible computerreadable storage medium containing instructions that, when executed onby the processor, perform the following steps: collecting vehicleoperation data via the at least one sensor while the mobile device isassociated with a vehicle in operation; and transmitting the collectedvehicle operation data from the mobile device to a remote processingcomputer.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A more complete understanding of the present embodiments and advantagesthereof may be acquired by referring to the following description takenin conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like referencenumbers indicate like features, and wherein:

FIG. 1 illustrates an example mobile device located in a vehicle, themobile device including a driving analysis system, according to certainembodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 illustrates example components of the mobile device relevant tothe driving analysis system, according to certain embodiments;

FIG. 3 illustrates an example method of collecting and processingdriving data, according to certain embodiments;

FIG. 4 illustrates an example method of collecting and processingdriving data using example algorithms, according to certain embodiments;

FIG. 5 illustrates an example system for sharing driving data between amobile device including a driving analysis system and other externaldevices, according to certain embodiments;

FIGS. 6A-6G illustrate example screen shots generated by an exampledriving analysis application on a mobile device, according to certainembodiments;

FIG. 7 is a flow chart of an illustrative algorithm for determiningseverity levels of notable driving events (NDE) identified during datacollection sessions;

FIG. 8 is a flow chart of an illustrative algorithm for determiningseverity levels of notable driving events (NDE) identified during datacollection sessions;

FIG. 9 is schematic illustration of an infrastructure for collectingvehicle operation data, transmitting vehicle operation data, receivingvehicle operation data and calculating insurance premiums based onvehicle operation data, wherein the infrastructure comprises a remotedata storage system and a property and casualty system;

FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a driving analysis application that may bedownloaded onto a mobile device;

FIG. 11A is a screen shot of a graphic user interface of a CreateAccount screen of a driving analysis application;

FIG. 11B is a screen shot of a graphic user interface of an AccountCreation Complete screen of a driving analysis application;

FIG. 11C is a screen shot of a graphic user interface of a Settingsscreen of a driving analysis application;

FIG. 11D is a screen shot of a graphic user interface of a BluetoothSetup screen of a driving analysis application;

FIG. 11E is a screen shot of a graphic user interface of a Vehiclescreen of a driving analysis application;

FIG. 11F is a screen shot of a graphic user interface of a Main Menu(Landing Page) screen of a driving analysis application;

FIG. 11G is a screen shot of a graphic user interface of a Daily Reportscreen of a driving analysis application;

FIG. 11H is a screen shot of a graphic user interface of a SpeedInterval screen of a driving analysis application;

FIG. 11I is a screen shot of a graphic user interface of a Time Intervalscreen of a driving analysis application;

FIG. 11J is a screen shot of a graphic user interface of a Trip Detailsscreen of a driving analysis application;

FIG. 11K is a screen shot of a graphic user interface of a Trip Mapscreen of a driving analysis application;

FIG. 11L is a screen shot of a graphic user interface of a OdometerUpdate screen of a driving analysis application; and

FIG. 12 is a flowchart of a process for collection and analysis ofvehicle operation data.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Preferred embodiments and their advantages over the prior art are bestunderstood by reference to FIGS. 1-12 below. The present disclosure maybe more easily understood in the context of a high level description ofcertain embodiments.

According to certain embodiments of the invention, a smartphone basedtelematics technology solution may be implemented that requires noadditional hardware or sensing equipment in an insured's vehicle. Amobile device equipped with software may capture and transmit the milesdriven and vehicle dynamics (g-force events such as hard stops, sharpturns, fast accelerations, etc.) in an automated fashion. Thus,individual drivers may collect and transmit driving behavior and useinformation to their insurance company via their mobile device.

Insurance companies may receive, store and use the collected drivingbehavior and use information to calculate and charge insurance premiums.Software programs operating on insurance company servers may provide atelematics data infrastructure to receive, process, present andtransform telematics data for insurance rating purposes.

Insurance customers may be incentivized to provide driving behavior anduse information to their insurance company via their mobile device bysubsidization of consumers' smartphones and/or smartphone data plan feesthrough business relationships between insurance providers and wirelessdata carriers.

A software application (“APP”) may be provided for operating systemssuch as those employed by iPhone, iPad and Android systems. Once the APPis downloaded to the smartphone and launched for initial set up, noadditional start/stop activities by the user may be required. The APPmay collect data using sensors in the smartphone to determine milesdriven, location, time, and vehicle dynamics (g-force events such ashard stops, sharp turns, fast accelerations, etc.).

Computing infrastructure may be provided for receiving telematics datafrom customer smartphones in real time. The infrastructure may be acloud computing infrastructure.

In one embodiment of the invention, the APP may utilize sensors in asmartphone to automatically start and stop the application onceinitially setup on the smartphone. Automated tracking may use algorithmsto use the smartphone/server architecture to determine driving, mileage,etc. The APP may turn itself “on” as soon as the smartphone detects thatit is in an automobile with its engine running. The smartphone maycommunicate with the vehicle via Bluetooth to determine that thesmartphone is inside the vehicle and that the engine is running. Oncedetected, the APP may then turn itself on and begin tracking milesdriven, location, time, and vehicle dynamics (g-force data). The APP maybe configured so that interaction with a driver is limited, such thatthe APP will run automatically on the smartphone after initial setup,wherein automatic start and stop capabilities may be accomplished usingsmartphone sensors.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example mobile device 10 located in a vehicle 12,according to certain embodiments or implementations of the presentdisclosure. Mobile device 10 may comprise any type of portable or mobileelectronics device, such as for example a smartphone, a cell phone, amobile telephone, personal digital assistant (PDA), laptop computer,tablet-style computer, or any other portable electronics device. Forexample, in some embodiments, mobile device 10 may be a smart phone,such as an iPhone by Apple Inc., a Blackberry phone by RIM, a Palmphone, or a phone using an Android, Microsoft, or Symbian operatingsystem (OS), for example. In some embodiments, mobile device 10 may be atablet, such as an iPad by Apple, Inc., a Galaxy by Samsung, or Eee PadTransformer by ASUS, and Latitude ST Tablet PC by Dell, for example.

In some embodiments, mobile device 10 may be configured to provide oneor more features of a driving analysis system, such as (a) collection ofdriving data (e.g., data regarding driving behavior and/or therespective driving environment), (b) processing of collected drivingdata, and/or (c) providing collected driving data and/or processeddriving data to a server or database via telecommunication ortelematics. Accordingly, mobile device 10 may include one or moresensors, a driving analysis application, a display, and transmitters.

The sensor(s) may collect one or more types of data regarding drivingbehavior and/or the driving environment. For example, mobile device 10may include a built-in accelerometer configured to detect accelerationin one or more directions (e.g., in the x, y, and z directions). Asanother example, mobile device 10 may include a GPS (global positioningsystem) device or any other device for tracking the geographic locationof the mobile device. As another example, mobile device 10 may includesensors, systems, or applications for collecting data regarding thedriving environment, e.g., traffic congestion, weather conditions,roadway conditions, or driving infrastructure data. In addition oralternatively, mobile device 10 may collect certain driving data (e.g.,driving behavior data and/or driving environment data) from sensorsand/or devices external to mobile device 10 (e.g., speed sensors, blindspot information sensors, seat belt sensors, GPS device, etc.).

The driving analysis application (“APP”) on mobile device 10 may processany or all of this driving data collected by mobile device 10 and/ordata received at mobile device 10 from external sources to calculate oneor more driving behavior metrics and/or scores based on such collecteddriving data. For example, driving analysis application may calculateacceleration, braking, and cornering metrics based on driving behaviordata collected by the built-in accelerometer (and/or other collecteddata). Driving analysis application may further calculate scores basedon such calculated metrics, e.g., an overall driving score. As anotherexample, driving analysis application may identify “notable drivingevents,” such as instances of notable acceleration, braking, and/orcornering, as well as the severity of such events. In some embodiments,the driving analysis application may account for environmental factors,based on collected driving environment data corresponding to theanalyzed driving session(s). For example, the identification of notabledriving events may depend in part on environmental conditions such asthe weather, traffic conditions, road conditions, etc. Thus, forinstance, a particular level of braking may be identified as a notabledriving event in the rain, but not in dry conditions.

The driving analysis application may display the processed data, e.g.,driving behavior metrics and/or driving scores. In embodiments in whichmobile device 10 includes a GPS or other geographic location trackingdevice, the application may also display a map showing the route of atrip, and indicating the location of each notable driving event. Theapplication may also display tips to help drivers improve their drivingbehavior.

The driving analysis application may display some or all of such data onthe mobile device 10 itself. In addition or alternatively, the drivinganalysis application may communicate some or all of such data via anetwork or other communication link for display by one or more othercomputer devices (e.g., smart phones, personal computers, etc.). Thus,for example, a parent or driving instructor may monitor the drivingbehavior of a teen or student driver without having to access the mobiledevice 10. As another example, an insurance company may access drivingbehavior data collected/processed by mobile device 10 and use such datafor risk analysis of a driver and determining appropriate insuranceproducts or premiums for the driver according to such risk analysis(i.e., performing rating functions based on the driving behavior datacollected/processed by mobile device 10).

FIG. 2 illustrates example components of mobile device 10 relevant tothe driving analysis system discussed herein, according to certainembodiments. As shown, mobile device 10 may include a memory 30,processor 32, one or more sensors 34, a display 36, and input/outputdevices 38.

Memory 30 may store a driving analysis application 50 and historicaldriving data 46, as discussed below. In some embodiments, memory 30 mayalso store one or more environmental data applications 58, as discussedbelow. Memory 30 may comprise any one or more devices suitable forstoring electronic data, e.g., RAM, DRAM, ROM, internal flash memory,external flash memory cards (e.g., Multi Media Card (MMC), Reduced-SizeMMC (RS-MMC), Secure Digital (SD), MiniSD, MicroSD, Compact Flash, UltraCompact Flash, Sony Memory Stick, etc.), SIM memory, and/or any othertype of volatile or non-volatile memory or storage device. Drivinganalysis application 50 may be embodied in any combination of software,firmware, and/or any other type of computer-readable instructions.

Application 50 and/or any related, required, or useful applications,plug-ins, readers, viewers, updates, patches, or other code forexecuting application 50 may be downloaded via the Internet or installedon mobile device 10 in any other known manner.

Processor 32 may include a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a digitalsignal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated controller(ASIC), electrically-programmable read-only memory (EPROM), or afield-programmable gate array (FPGA), or any other suitableprocessor(s), and may be generally operable to execute driving analysisapplication 50, as well as providing any other functions of mobiledevice 10.

Sensors 34 may include any one or more devices for detecting informationregarding a driver's driving behavior and/or the driving environment.For example, as discussed above, sensors 34 may include an accelerometer54 configured to detect acceleration of the mobile device 10 (and thus,the acceleration of a vehicle in which mobile device 10 is located) inone or more directions, e.g., the x, y, and z directions. As anotherexample, mobile device 10 may include a location tracking system 56,such as a GPS tracking system or any other system or device for trackingthe geographic location of the mobile device. A solid state compass,with two or three magnetic field sensors, may provide data to amicroprocessor to calculate direction using trigonometry. The mobiledevice 10 may also include proximity sensors, a camera or ambient light.

Display 36 may comprise any type of display device for displayinginformation related to driving analysis application 50, such as forexample, an LCD screen (e.g., thin film transistor (TFT) LCD or supertwisted nematic (STN) LCD), an organic light-emitting diode (OLED)display, or any other suitable type of display. In some embodiments,display 36 may be an interactive display (e.g., a touch screen) thatallows a user to interact with driving analysis application 50. In otherembodiments, display 36 may be strictly a display device, such that alluser input is received via other input/output devices 38.

Input/output devices 38 may include any suitable interfaces allowing auser to interact with mobile device 10, and in particular, with drivinganalysis application 50. For example, input/output devices 38 mayinclude a touch screen, physical buttons, sliders, switches, data ports,keyboard, mouse, voice activated interfaces, or any other suitabledevices.

As discussed above, driving analysis application 50 may be stored inmemory 30. Driving analysis application 50 may be described in terms offunctional modules, each embodied in a set of logic instructions (e.g.,software code). For example, as shown in FIG. 2, driving analysisapplication 50 may include a data collection module 40, a dataprocessing module 42, and a feedback module 44.

Data collection module 40 may be operable to manage the collection ofdriving data, including driving behavior data and/or the drivingenvironment data. Data collection module 40 may collect such data fromany number and types of data sources, including (a) data sourcesprovided by mobile device 10 (e.g., sensors 34, environmental dataapplication 58), (b) data sources in vehicle 12 but external to mobiledevice 10 (e.g., on-board vehicle computer, seat belt sensors, GPSsystem, etc.), and/or (c) data sources external to vehicle 12 (e.g.,data sources accessible to mobile device 100 by a satellite network orother telecommunication links). In certain embodiments, the mobiledevice 10 may communicate with data source in vehicle 12 but external tomobile device 10 via a hardwire connection, Bluetooth® or other wirelessmeans, optical signal transmission, or any other known manner. Sourcesin vehicle 12 but extended to mobile device 10 may include: engine RPM,speedometer, fuel usage rate, exhaust components or other combinationindications, suspension system monitors, seat belt use indicators,tracking systems for other vehicles in vicinity, blind spot indicators.

In some embodiments, data collection module 40 may control the start andstop of driving data collection, e.g., from sources such asaccelerometer 54, location tracking system 56, other sensor(s) 34provided by mobile device 10, or other sensors or sources of drivingdata external to mobile device 10. In some embodiments or situations,driving data collection is manually started and stopped by the driver orother user, e.g., by interacting with a physical or virtual object(e.g., pressing a virtual “start recording” button) on mobile device 10.

In other embodiments or situations, data collection module 40 mayautomatically start and/or stop collection of driving data in responseto triggering signals received by mobile device 10 from one or moretriggering devices 15 associated with vehicle 12 (see FIG. 1). Forexample, triggering device 15 may include a vehicle on-board computer,ignition system, car stereo, GPS system, a key, key fob, or any otherdevice that may be configured to communicate signals to mobile device10. Triggering signals may include any signals that may indicate thestart or stop of a driving trip. For example, triggering signals mayinclude signals indicating the key has been inserted into or removedfrom the ignition, signals indicating the ignition has been poweredon/off, signals indicating whether the engine is running, signalsindicating the radio has been powered on/off, etc. or signals indicatingthe transmission has been set in a forward gear position. Suchtriggering device(s) may communicate with mobile device 10 in anysuitable manner, via any suitable wired or wireless communications link.As another example, data collection module 40 may automatically startand/or stop collection of driving data in response to determining thatthe mobile device 10 is likely travelling in an automobile, e.g., basedon a real time analysis of data received from accelerometer 54, locationtracking system 56, or other sensors 34 provided by mobile device 10.For example, data collection module 40 may include algorithms fordetermining whether mobile device 10 is likely travelling in anautomobile based on data from accelerometer 54 and/or location trackingsystem 56, e.g., by analyzing one or more of (a) the currentacceleration of mobile device 10 from accelerometer 54, (b) the currentlocation of mobile device 10 from location tracking system 56 (e.g.,whether mobile device 10 is located on/near a roadway), (c) the velocityof mobile device 10 from location tracking system 56, (d) any othersuitable data, or (e) any combination of the preceding.

In some embodiments or situations, data collection module 40 may allowor trigger the start and stop (including interrupting and re-starting)of driving data collection based on the orientation of mobile device 10(relative to vehicle 12), e.g., based on whether the orientation issuitable for collecting driving data. For example, data collectionmodule 40 may allow driving data collection to be manually orautomatically started (or re-started after an interruption). Further,during driving data collection, module 40 may automatically stop orinterrupt the driving data collection if mobile device 10 is moved suchthat it is no longer suitably able to collect driving data.

In some embodiments, data collection module 40 may manage the physicalorientation of mobile device 10 relative to the vehicle 12. Module 40may determine the orientation of mobile device 10 within the vehicle 12by comparing GPS and position information for the mobile device 10 withGPS and position information for the vehicle 12. This comparison of datamay allow the user to adjust the mobile device 10 such that theorientation of mobile device 10 is suitable for collecting driving data.For example, data collection module 40 may determine the orientation ofmobile device 10; determine whether the orientation is suitable forcollecting driving data; if so, allow data collection to begin orcontinue; and if not, instruct or notify the user to adjust theorientation of mobile device 10 (e.g., by indicating the directionand/or extent of the desired adjustment). Once mobile device 10 has beenadjusted to a suitable orientation for collecting driving data, module40 may notify the user and allow data collection to begin or continue.Module 40 may continue to monitor the orientation of mobile device 10relative to the vehicle during the driving data collection session, andif a change in the orientation is detected, interact with the user toinstruct a correction of the orientation.

In other embodiments, mobile device 10 is capable of automaticallycompensating for the orientation of mobile device 10 for the purposes ofprocessing collected driving data (e.g., by data processing module 42),such that data collection may start and continue despite the orientationof mobile device 10, or changes to the orientation of the mobile device10 relative to the vehicle 12. Module 40 may continue to monitor theorientation of mobile device 10 relative to the vehicle during thedriving data collection session, and if a change in the orientation isdetected, automatically compensate for the changed orientation of mobiledevice 10 for processing driving data collected from that point forward.In such embodiments, data processing module 42 may include any suitablealgorithms for compensating for the orientation of mobile device 10(relative to automobile 12) determined by data collection module 40.Such aspects of the invention allow the mobile device to collectaccurate g-force data from the sensors of the mobile device regardlessof the position of the mobile device in the vehicle. The quality of thisdata is improved by adjusting the data based on the orientation of themobile device in the vehicle such as upside down, sideways, in a pocketor in a purse.

As used herein, the term “user” refers to the driver or other personinteracting with driving analysis application 50 on mobile device 10.

Data collection module 40 may collect data over one or more datacollection sessions corresponding to one or more driving sessions. Asused herein, a “driving session” may refer to any period of driving,which may comprise a single uninterrupted trip, a portion of a trip, ora series of multiple distinct trips. A “data collection session” maygenerally correspond to one driving session, a portion of a drivingsession, or multiple distinct driving sessions. Further, a datacollection session may comprise an uninterrupted period of datacollection or may include one or more interruptions (e.g., in someembodiments, if mobile device 10 is moved out of proper orientation fordata collection). Thus, in some embodiments, each interruption of datacollection initiates a new data collection session; in otherembodiments, e.g., where a data collection session generally correspondsto a driving trip, an interrupted data collection session may reconveneafter the interruption.

Thus, based on the above, data collection module 40 may trigger orcontrol the start and stop of data collection sessions and/or start andthe stop of interruptions within a data collection session.

Any or all data collected by data collection module 40 may be timestamped (e.g., time and date), either by data collection module 40itself or by another device that collected or processed particular databefore sending the data to data collection module 40. The time stampingmay allow for data from different sources (e.g., data from accelerometer54, location tracking system 56, a seat belt sensor, etc.) to besynchronized for analyzing the different data together as a whole (e.g.,to provide the driving context for a particular reading of accelerometer54, as discussed below).

Data collection module 40 may collect data corresponding to physicalparameters or characteristics of the vehicle.

Data processing module 42 may be operable to process or analyze any ofthe driving data (e.g., driving behavior data and/or the drivingenvironment data) collected by mobile device 10 itself and/or collectedby external devices and communicated to mobile device 10, and based onsuch collected driving data, calculate one or more driving behaviormetrics and/or scores. For example, data processing module 42 maycalculate the driving behavior metrics of acceleration, braking, and/orcornering metrics based on driving behavior data collected by anaccelerometer 54, location tracking system 56, and/or other collecteddata. Further, data processing module 42 may calculate one or moredriving scores based on the calculated driving behavior metrics (e.g.,acceleration, braking, cornering, etc.) and/or based on additionalcollected data, e.g., driving environment data collected byenvironmental data applications 58. For example, data processing module42 may apply algorithms that calculate a driving score based on weightedvalues for each respective driving behavior metric, and environmentalcorrection values based on the relevant driving environment data, suchas weather, traffic conditions, road conditions, etc.

Data processing module 42 may calculate individual driving behaviormetrics (e.g., acceleration, braking, cornering, etc.) and/or drivingscores for individual data collection sessions. Similarly, dataprocessing module 42 may calculate driving behavior metrics and/ordriving scores corresponding to a group of data collection sessions,which may be referred to as group-session metrics/scores. Dataprocessing module 42 may calculate group-session metrics/scores mayusing averaging, filtering, weighting, and/or any other suitablealgorithms for determining representative metrics/scores correspondingto a group of data collection sessions. A “group” of data collectionsessions may be specified in any suitable manner, for example:

-   -   The n most recent data collection sessions;    -   The n most recent data collection sessions corresponding to one        or more specific driving conditions or other preset conditions,        such as for example: nighttime driving, daytime driving, driving        within specific times of day (e.g., specific hours), weekend        driving, weekday driving, highway driving, city driving,        rush-hour driving, good-weather driving, bad-weather driving,        driving in specific weather conditions (e.g., rain, snow, etc.),        trips of specified distances (e.g., trips shorter than a        threshold distance, longer than a threshold distance, or within        any present range of distances, trips associated with a certain        geographic area (e.g., trips within or near a specific city),        trips between specific points (e.g., trips between the driver's        home and work, which may be determined for example by GPS data        or entered into application 50 by the driver), trips following a        specific route (e.g., which may be determined for example by GPS        data or entered into application 50 by the driver), driving        alone (e.g., which status may be entered into application 50 by        the driver), driving with passengers (e.g., which status may be        entered into application 50 by the driver),    -   All data collection sessions within a specified time period,        e.g., all data collection sessions in the last day, week, 30        days, 90 days, year, or any other specified time period.    -   All data collection sessions within a specified time period that        also correspond to one or more specific driving conditions or        other preset conditions, e.g., any of the conditions listed        above.    -   All data collection sessions after a particular starting point,        e.g., all data collection sessions after a user initiates        application 50, or after a user resets a particular average or        filtered metric/score (or all average or filtered        metrics/scores).    -   All data collection sessions within a specified time period that        also correspond to one or more specific driving conditions or        other preset conditions, e.g., any of the conditions listed        above.    -   All data collection sessions related to a particular driver.    -   Any combination or variation of any of the above.        The number n may be any multiple number (2, 3, 4, 5, etc.),        which may be automatically determined by application 50,        selected by a user, or otherwise determined or selected.        Further, as mentioned briefly above, data processing module 42        may identify “notable driving events,” such as instances of        notable acceleration, braking, and cornering, as well as the        severity of such events. Data processing module 42 may identify        notable driving events using any suitable algorithms. For        example, an algorithm may compare acceleration data from        accelerometer 54 (raw or filtered) to one or more predefined        thresholds for notable acceleration, braking, or cornering. In        some embodiments, data processing module 42 may analyze the        acceleration data in combination with contextual data, which may        provide a context for the acceleration data, and analyze the        acceleration data based on the context data. Thus, for example,        particular acceleration data may or may not indicate “notable        acceleration” depending on the contextual data corresponding        (e.g., based on time stamp data) to the particular acceleration        data being analyzed. Data processing module 42 may utilize        algorithms that analyze the acceleration data together with the        relevant contextual data.

Contextual data may include, for example, location data and/or drivingenvironment data. Module 42 may use location data (e.g., from locationtracking system 56) in this context to determine, for example, the typeof road the vehicle is travelling on, the speed limit, the location ofthe vehicle relative to intersections, traffic signs/light (e.g., stopsigns, yield signs, traffic lights), school zones, railroad tracts,traffic density, or any other features or aspects accessible fromlocation tracking system 56 that may influence driving behavior. Module42 may use driving environment data (e.g., from environmental dataapplications 58) in this context to determine, for example, the relevantweather, traffic conditions, road conditions, etc.

In some embodiments, data processing module 42 may apply differentthresholds for determining certain notable driving events. For example,for determining instances of “notable cornering” based on accelerationdata from accelerometer 54 and weather condition data (e.g., fromsensors on the vehicle, sensors on mobile device 10, data from an onlineweather application (e.g., www weather.com), or any other suitablesource), module 42 may apply different thresholds for identifyingnotable cornering in dry weather conditions, rainy weather conditions,and icy weather conditions. As another example, for determininginstances of “notable braking” based on acceleration data fromaccelerometer 54 and location data (e.g., from a GPS system), module 42may apply different thresholds for identifying notable braking forhighway driving, non-highway driving, low-traffic driving, high-trafficdriving, approaching a stop sign intersection, approaching a stop lightintersection, etc.

Further, in some embodiments, data processing module 42 may definemultiple levels of severity for each type (or certain types) of notabledriving events. For example, module 42 may define the following levelsof notable braking: (1) significant braking, and (2) extreme braking. Asanother example, module 42 may define the following three progressivelysevere levels of particular notable driving events: (1) caution, (2)warning, and (3) extreme. Each level of severity may have correspondingthresholds, such that the algorithms applied by module 42 may determine(a) whether a notable event (e.g., notable braking event) has occurred,and (b) if so, the severity level of the event. Each type of notabledriving event may have any number of severity levels (e.g., 1, 2, 3, ormore).

In some embodiments, data processing module 42 may calculate the numberof each type of notable driving events (and/or the number of eachseverity level of each type of notable driving event) for a particulartime period, for individual data collection sessions, or for a group ofdata collection sessions (e.g., using any of the data collection session“groups” discussed above).

Environmental data applications 58 may comprise any applications orinterfaces for collecting driving environment data regarding the drivingenvironment corresponding to a driving data collection session. Forexample, environmental data applications 58 may comprise anyapplications or interfaces operable to collect data from one or moresensors on vehicle 12 or from one or more devices external to vehicle 12(via a network or communication links) regarding the relevant drivingenvironment. For example, such driving environment data may include anyof (a) traffic environment characteristics, e.g., congestion, calmness,or excitability of traffic, quantity and type of pedestrian traffic,etc., (b) weather environment characteristics, e.g., ambienttemperature, precipitation, sun glare, darkness, etc., (c) roadwayenvironment characteristics, e.g., curvature, skid resistance,elevation, gradient and material components, etc., (d) infrastructureenvironment characteristics, e.g., lighting, signage, type of road,quantity and type of intersections, lane merges, lane markings, quantityand timing of traffic lights, etc., and/or (e) any other type of drivingenvironment data.

According to some embodiments of the invention, data collection module40 collects information and data sufficient to enable the dataprocessing module 42 to analyze how driving has impacted fuelefficiency. The feedback module 44 may report notable driving eventsthat had positive or negative impact on the fuel efficiency of thevehicle 12. For example, if the vehicle 12 has a normal transmission andthe driver allows the engine to reach excessive RPMs before shifting toa higher gear, each occurrence may be reported as a notable drivingevent that impacts fuel efficiency. The feedback may assist the driverto develop driving habits that enable more fuel efficient vehicleoperation.

Feedback module 44 may be operable to display any data associated withapplication 50, including raw or filtered data collected by datacollection module 40 and/or any of the metrics, scores, or other datacalculated or proceed by data processing module 42. For the purposes ofthis description, unless otherwise specified, “displaying” data mayinclude (a) displaying data on display device 36 of mobile device 10,(b) providing audible feedback via a speaker of mobile device 10,providing visual, audible, or other sensory feedback to the driver viaanother device in the vehicle (e.g., through the vehicle's radio orspeakers, displayed via the dashboard, displayed on the windshield(e.g., using semi-transparent images), or using any other knowntechniques for providing sensory feedback to a driver of a vehicle, (d)communicating data (via a network or other wired or wirelesscommunication link or links) for display by one or more other computerdevices (e.g., smart phones, personal computers, etc.), or (e) anycombination of the preceding. To provide feedback to the driver visual,audible, or other sensory feedback to the driver via a feedback devicein the vehicle other than mobile device 10, mobile device 10 may includeany suitable communication system for wired or wireless communication offeedback signals from mobile device 10 to such feedback device.

Further, feedback module 44 may also initiate and/or manage the storageof any data associated with application 50, including raw or filtereddata collected by data collection module 40 and/or any of the metrics,scores, or other data calculated or proceed by data processing module42, such that the data may be subsequently accessed, e.g., for displayor further processing. For example, feedback module 44 may manageshort-term storage of certain data (e.g., in volatile memory of mobiledevice 10), and may further manage long-term storage of certain data ashistorical driving data 46 (e.g., in non-volatile memory of mobiledevice 10). As another example, feedback module 44 may communicate dataassociated with application 50 via a network or other communicationlink(s) to one or more other computer devices, e.g., for display byremote computers 150 and/or for storage in a remote data storage system152, as discussed in greater detail below with reference to FIG. 5.

Feedback module 44 may be operable to display metrics, scores, or otherdata in any suitable manner, e.g., as values, sliders, icons (e.g.,representing different magnitudes of a particular metric/score valueusing different icons or using different colors or sizes of the sameicon), graphs, charts, etc. Further, in embodiments in which mobiledevice 10 includes a GPS or other location tracking system 56, feedbackmodule 44 may display one or more maps showing the route travelledduring one or more data collection sessions or driving sessions, andindicating the location of “notable driving events.” Notable drivingevents may be identified on the map in any suitable manner, e.g., usingrepresentative icons. As an example only, different types of notabledriving events (e.g., notable acceleration, notable braking, and notablecornering) may be represented on the map with different icons, and theseverity level of each notable driving event may be indicated by thecolor and/or size of each respective icon.

Feedback module 44 may also display tips to help drivers improve theirdriving behavior. For example, feedback module 44 may analyze thedriver's driving behavior metrics and/or driving scores to identify oneor more areas of needed improvement (e.g., braking or cornering) anddisplay driving tips specific to the areas of needed improvement.

In some embodiments, feedback module 44 may provide the driver real timefeedback regarding notable driving events, via any suitable form offeedback, e.g., as listed above. For example, feedback module 44 mayprovide audible feedback (e.g., buzzers or other sound effects, or byhuman recorded or computer-automated spoken feedback) through a speakerof mobile device 10 or the vehicle's speakers, or visual feedback viadisplay 36 of mobile device 10 or other display device of the vehicle.Such real-time audible or visual feedback may distinguish betweendifferent types of notable driving events and/or between the severitylevel of each notable driving event, in any suitable manner. Forexample, spoken feedback may indicate the type and severity of a notabledriving event in real time. Non-spoken audible feedback may indicate thedifferent types and severity of notable driving events by differentsounds and/or different volume levels.

Feedback module 44 may manage user interactions with application 50 viainput/output devices 38 (e.g., a touch screen display 36, keys, buttons,and/or other user interfaces). For example, feedback module 44 may hosta set or hierarchy of displayable objects (e.g., screens, windows,menus, images etc.) and facilitate user navigation among the variousobjects. An example set of displayable objects, in the form of screens,is shown and discussed with reference to FIGS. 6A-6G.

In some embodiments, feedback module 44 may generate a series ofuser-navigable screens, windows, or other objects for display on displaydevice 36 on mobile device 10. FIGS. 6A-6G illustrate example screenshots generated by driving analysis application 50 on an example mobiledevice 10, according to certain embodiments.

FIG. 6A illustrates an example screenshot of a screen 200 of a deviceorientation feature provided by application 50 for assisting a user withthe proper alignment or orientation of mobile device 10 within theautomobile or vehicle. In this example, an alignment image 202 mayindicate the physical orientation (e.g., angular orientation) of mobiledevice 10 relative to the automobile. For example, alignment image 202may rotate relative to the rest of the display as mobile device 10 isreoriented. Alignment image 202 may include arrows or other indicatorsto assist the use in orienting mobile device 10. An indicator 204 (e.g.,a lighted icon) may indicate when mobile device 10 is suitably orientedfor data collection, e.g., with the front of mobile device 10 facingtoward the front of the automobile or vehicle.

In embodiments requiring manual starting of data recording (i.e.,starting a data collection session), a screen or image for starting datarecording may appear upon the mobile device 10 being properly oriented.Thus, data collection module 40 may then start (or re-start) collectionof driving data upon a manual instruction (e.g., a user pressing a“Start Recording” button that is displayed on display 36 once mobiledevice 10 is properly oriented).

In embodiments that provide for automatic starting of data recording(i.e., starting a data collection session), data collection module 40may start (or re-start) driving data collection automatically upon theproper orientation of mobile device 10, or automatically in response toan automatically generated triggering signal (assuming mobile device 10is properly oriented).

FIG. 6B illustrates an example screenshot of a screen 210 during a datacollection session. The display may indicate that driving data is beingrecorded (image 212) and may provide a selectable image 214 for stoppingthe recording of driving data (i.e., ending the data collectionsession).

FIG. 6C illustrates an example screenshot of a summary screen 218 for asingle data collection session, including three driving behavior metrics(Acceleration, Braking, and Cornering) and a driving score (“224”)calculated by data processing module 42 for the single data collectionsession. For the illustrated data collection session, the driving score224 calculated to be “82.” The metrics and score may be displayed inreal time (e.g., evaluating the driving behavior during an ongoingtrip), after conclusion of a trip (e.g., evaluating the completed tripor a group of trips), or at any other time. As shown, screen 218includes values 220 and corresponding bar graphs 222 indicating theAcceleration, Braking, and Cornering metrics, as well a visualrepresentation 224 of the driving score (“82”) calculated by dataprocessing module 42. The driving score may be calculated based on theAcceleration, Braking, and Cornering metrics using any suitablealgorithm. For example, the driving score may be a straight or weightedaverage of the metrics, a sum or weighted sum of the metrics, or anyother representation. The algorithm for calculating the driving scoremay also account for data other than the metrics, such as the identityof the driver, the time, duration, and/or distance of the datacollection session, the weather conditions, traffic conditions, and/orany other relevant data accessible to data processing module 42.

FIG. 6D illustrates an example screenshot of a summary screen 230 for agroup of multiple data collection sessions, including threemulti-session driving behavior metrics (Acceleration, Braking, andCornering) and a multi-session driving score (“78”) calculated by dataprocessing module 42 for the group of data collection sessions. Eachmulti-session driving behavior metric, as well as the driving score, forthe group of sessions may be calculated based on any number of datacollection sessions, and using any suitable algorithm. For example, eachmulti-session metric/score may be an average (e.g., straight or weightedaverage) of the respective metrics/scores determined for the n mostrecent data collection sessions. Further, the multi-session metric/scoremay be filtered according to preset or user-selected criteria. Forexample, each multi-session metric/score may be an average (e.g.,straight or weighted average) of the respective metrics/scoresdetermined for the n most recent data collection sessions that meet oneor more preset or user-selected criteria regarding the respective datacollection session, e.g., the particular driver, time of day, tripdistance, trip duration, geographic area of travel, weather conditions,traffic conditions, or any other relevant data accessible to dataprocessing module 42. Thus, for instance, module 42 may calculatemulti-session driving behavior metrics and driving scores for the fivemost recent trips by Bob, which were further than 3 miles, within thegeographic limits of a particular city, and during good weatherconditions.

The number of data collection sessions included in a particularmulti-session driving metric/score may be automatically or manuallyselected in any suitable manner, e.g., a predetermined number ofsessions, a number automatically determined by module 42 (e.g., allsessions occurring within a predetermined time period), a numbermanually selected by a user, or determined in any other manner.

In embodiments in which particular multi-session driving metrics/scoresrepresent weighted averages, each individual-session metric (e.g., eachindividual-session Braking metric) to be averaged into a weightedaverage may be weighted based on recentness (e.g., based on the elapsedtime since that session, or the sequential order position of thatsession (e.g., the 3^(rd) most recent session)), trip duration, tripdistance, or any other relevant criteria accessible to data processingmodule 42. Thus, for instance, the weighting of each individual-sessionmetric to be averaged into a weighted average may be weightedproportionally according to the number of days since each respectivesession, such that a trip that occurred 20 days ago is weighted twice asmuch as a trip that occurred 20 days ago. As another example, the 1^(st)most recent, 2^(nd) most recent, 3^(rd) most recent, and 4^(th) mostrecent sessions may be assigned predefined weighting factors of 0.50,0.30, 0.15, 0.05, respectively. As another example, a 6-mile trip may beweighted the same as, or twice as much, as a 3-mile trip, depending onthe specific embodiment. As another example, a 30-minute trip may beweighted the same as, or three times as much, a 10-minute trip,depending on the specific embodiment.

Alternatively, instead of displaying the average of the metrics/scoresdetermined for a group of data collection sessions, summary screen 230may display the median value for particular metrics/scores. Thus, forexample, summary screen 230 may display for each metric the median valuefor that metric over the last seven trips. As another alternative,summary screen 230 may display the lowest or highest value forparticular metrics/scores. Thus, for example, summary screen 230 maydisplay for each metric the lowest value for that metric over the lastseven trips.

It should be understood that multi-session driving metrics/scores may bedetermined using any combination of techniques or algorithms discussedabove, or using any other suitable techniques or algorithms.

FIG. 6E illustrates an example screenshot of a screen 240 summarizingvarious data for each of multiple data collection sessions. In thisexample, screen 240 indicates for each data collection session for aparticular driver: a trip description (manually entered by a user orautomatically determined by module 42, e.g., based on GPS data), tripdate, trip time (e.g., session start time, end time, or midpoint), anddriving score (indicated by a bar graph and numerical value). Inaddition to or instead of displaying the driving score for each session,screen 240 may display one or more driving behavior metrics for eachsession, and/or other data relevant to each session (e.g., weatherconditions, traffic conditions, trip distance, trip duration, etc.). Anynumber of sessions may be displayed, and the particular sessions thatare displayed may be filtered, e.g., according to any of the criteriadiscussed above. In the illustrated example, the user may scroll down onscreen 240 to view data for additional sessions.

FIG. 6F illustrates an example screenshot of a screen 250 in whichmultiple trips can be compared. In this example, two trips by the samedriver are compared. However, trips by different drivers may similarlybe compared. The trips being compared may be selected by a user, orautomatically selected by module 42 based on any suitable criteria. Thecompare function may be used to test drivers against a particular testcourse. For example, a driver education instructor could collect drivingbehavior metrics for himself by driving a test course. Later, studentscould collect driving behavior metrics while driving the same testcourse as previously driven by the instructor. The driving behaviormetrics of the instructor could then be used as a standard against whichto compare the driving behavior metrics of the students.

FIG. 6G illustrates an example screenshot of a map screen 260,indicating the path 262 of a recorded trip, which may be generated basedon data collected by location tracking system 56 (e.g., GPS data).Screen 260 may also display icons 264 indicating the locations ofnotable driving events (NDEs). Such icons 264 may indicate the typeand/or severity level of each NDE. In the illustrated example, the typeof NDE (e.g., type “L”, “R”, “A”, or “D”) is indicated by the shape ofthe respective icon 264, and the severity level of the NDE is indicatedby the color of the icon 264, indicated in FIG. 6G by different shading.In some embodiments, the user may select a particular icon 264 todisplay (e.g., via a pop-up window or new screen) additional detailsregarding the respective NDE.

It should be understood that driving analysis application 50 maygenerate any number of additional screens for displaying the variousinformation collected or processed by application 50.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example method 80 of providing driver feedback,according to certain embodiments. Any or all of the steps of method 80may be performed by the various modules of driving analysis application50.

At step 82, data collection module 40 may collect driving data during adata collection session (which may correspond to a driving trip, aportion of a driving trip, or multiple driving trips). The collecteddriving data may include, e.g., driving behavior data collected byaccelerometer 54, location tracking system 56, etc. and/or drivingenvironment data collected by environmental data applications 58. Thecollected driving data may also include driving behavior data and/ordriving environment data collected by external devices and communicatedto mobile device 10.

Data collection module 40 may control the start and stop of the datacollection session either manually or automatically, as discussed above.In some embodiments, this may include interacting with the user (driveror other person) to manage the physical orientation of mobile device 10in order to allow the driving data collection to begin (or re-startafter an interruption), as discussed above.

At step 84, data processing module 42 may process or analyze any or allof the driving data collected at step 82, and calculate one or moredriving behavior metrics and/or scores corresponding to the datacollection session, e.g., as discussed above. In addition, dataprocessing module 42 may identify “notable driving events” (NDEs) anddetermine the severity of such events, e.g., as discussed above. In someembodiments, data processing module 42 may process the collected data inreal time or substantially in real time. In other embodiments, dataprocessing module 42 may process the collected data after some delayperiod, upon the end of the data collection session, in response to arequest by a user (e.g., a user of mobile device 10, a user at remotecomputer 150, or other user), upon collection of data for a presetnumber of data collection session, or at any other suitable time or inresponse to any other suitable event.

In some embodiments, data processing module 42 may calculate one or moreindividual driving behavior metrics (e.g., acceleration, braking,cornering, etc.) and/or driving scores for the current or most recentdata collection session. Further, data processing module 42 maycalculate one or more individual driving behavior metrics and/or drivingscores for multiple data collection sessions. For example, dataprocessing module 42 may calculate filtered or averaged driving behaviormetrics and/or driving scores for a group of data collection sessions(e.g., as discussed above), including the current or most recent datacollection session.

At step 86, feedback module 44 may display any of the data collected bydata collection module 40 at step 82 (e.g., raw data or filtered rawdata) and/or any of the metrics, scores, or other data calculated orproceed by data processing module 42 at step 84. This may include anymanner of “displaying” data as discussed above, e.g., displaying data ondisplay device 36, providing visual, audible, or other sensory feedbackto the driver via mobile device 10 or other device in the vehicle,communicating data to remote computer devices for remote display, etc.In some embodiments, feedback module 44 may facilitate user interactionwith application 50 (e.g., via a touch screen display 36 or other inputdevices 38) allowing the user to view any of the data discussed above,e.g., by user selection or navigation of displayed objects).

At step 88, feedback module 44 may initiate and/or manage the storage ofany of the data collected by data collection module 40 at step 82 (e.g.,raw data or filtered raw data) and/or any of the metrics, scores, orother data calculated or proceed by data processing module 42 at step84, such that the stored data may be subsequently accessed, e.g., fordisplay or further processing. For example, feedback module 44 may storedata in local volatile memory for display, in local non-volatile memoryas historical driving data 46, and/or in remote memory as historicaldriving data 152.

As shown in FIG. 3, method 80 may then return to step 82 for thecollection of new driving data. It should be understood that the stepsshown in FIG. 3 may be performed in any suitable order, and additionalsteps may be included in the process. Further, certain steps may beperformed continuously (e.g., the data collection step 82 may continuethroughout the data collection process). Further, multiple steps may beperformed partially or fully simultaneously.

In some embodiments, steps 82-88 (or at least portions of such steps)may be executed in real time or substantially in real time such thatsteps 82-88 are continuously performed, or repeated, during a particulardata collection session. In such embodiments, at step 86 data may beprepared for subsequent display rather than being displayed in realtime, while the process continues to collect, process, and store newdriving data. However, as discussed above, certain feedback may beprovided at step 86 in real time, e.g., real time feedback indicatingthe occurrence of notable driving events. In other embodiments, one ormore steps may not be performed in real time. For example, some or allof the processing, display, and storage steps may be performed after thecompletion of the data collection session, e.g., when more processingresources may be available. For instance, collected raw data may bestored in first memory (e.g., cache or other volatile memory) during thedata collection session; and then after the end of the data collectionsession, the collected data may be processed, displayed, stored insecond memory (e.g., stored in non-volatile memory as historical drivingdata 46), and/or communicated to remote entities for storage,processing, and/or display.

As discussed above, in some embodiments, driving data collected byapplication 50 may be used by various third parties for variouspurposes. Thus, for example, at step 90, an insurance provider mayreceive or access driving behavior metrics and/or driving scorescollected by application 50 (e.g., by receiving or accessing historicaldriving data 46 directly from mobile device 10 and/or by receiving oraccessing historical driving data 152 from external storage), andanalyze such data for performing risk analysis of the respective driver.The insurance provider may determine appropriate insurance products orpremiums for the driver according to such risk analysis.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example method 100 of providing driver feedbackusing example algorithms, according to certain embodiments. Any or allof the steps of method 100 may be performed by the various modules ofdriving analysis application 50.

At step 102, data collection module 40 may interact with the user toadjust the mobile device 10 such that the orientation of mobile device10 is suitable for collecting driving data. For example, data collectionmodule 40 may instruct the user to position the mobile device 10 towardsthe front of the vehicle and with the top end of the mobile device 10facing the front of the vehicle.

Once data collection module 40 determines that mobile device 10 isproperly oriented, data collection module 40 may begin collectingdriving data, i.e., start a data collection session, at step 104. Forexample, data collection module 40 may begin collecting raw G-force data(i.e., acceleration data) from built-in accelerometer 54. The collectedG-force data may provide data for multiple different accelerationdirections, e.g., lateral G-force data regarding lateral accelerationand longitudinal G-force data regarding longitudinal acceleration.Module 40 may time stamp the collected data. Further, module 40 mayfilter or truncate the beginning and end of the data collection session,the extent of which filtering or truncation may depend on the length ofthe data collection session. For example, if the data collection sessionexceeds 4 minutes, module 40 may erase data collected during the firstand last 60 seconds of the data collection session; whereas if the datacollection session does not exceed 4 minutes, module 40 may erase datacollected during the first and last 3 seconds of the data collectionsession. The particular values of 4 minutes, 60 seconds, and 3 secondsare example values only; any other suitable values may be used.

At step 106, data processing module 42 may process the collected drivingdata. For example, module 42 may calculate a one-second moving averageof the G-force. Thus, if the data collection is for instance 5 Hz, the5-step moving average may be calculated.

Module 42 may then calculate the “jerk” at each time stamp T_(i),wherein jerk at a particular time stamp T_(j) is defined as follows:Jerk=abs(moving averaged G-force at time stamp T _(j)−moving averagedG-force at time stamp T _(j−1))/unit_time(1 second)(Alternatively, jerk may be calculated using raw G-forces data insteadof averaged G-force data.)

Module 42 may then calculate the one-second moving average of the jerk.

Module 42 may then determine one or more driving behavior metrics basedon the moving averaged jerk and G-force data. For example, module 42 maydetermine a G-force percentile and a jerk percentile at each time stampT_(i) by accessing look-up tables corresponding to one or more relevantparameters. For instance, a portion of an example look-up table for anexample set of relevant parameters is provided below:

Relevant Parameters:

-   -   Vehicle: Impala    -   Vehicle type: Sedan    -   Acceleration direction (lateral or longitudinal): Lateral    -   Type of data (G-force or Jerk): G-force    -   Speed range: 0-100 mph

TABLE 1 G-force Percentile Look-Up Table G-force range Percentile 0.0000.012 0 0.013 0.025 1 0.026 0.038 2 0.039 0.051 3 0.052 0.064 4 0.0650.077 5 0.078 0.090 6

Module 42 may store or have access to any number of such look-up tablesfor various combinations of relevant parameters. For example, module 42may store a look-up table (similar to Table 1) for determining the jerkpercentile. As another example, module 42 may store similar look-uptables for determining G-force and jerk percentiles for differentcombinations of vehicles, vehicle types, speed ranges, accelerationdirection (lateral or longitudinal), etc.

At step 108, data processing module 42 may calculate a Base DrivingScore for the data collection session, according to the followingequation:Base Driving Score=(AVG_G-force_percentile)*W1+(AVG_Jerk_percentile)*W2

wherein:

-   -   AVG_G-force_percentile is the average of the G-force percentiles        for all time stamps T_(i) during the data collection session;    -   AVG_Jerk_percentile is the average of the jerk percentiles for        all time stamps T_(i) during the data collection session; and    -   W1 and W2 are weighting constants used to weight the relative        significance of G-force data and jerk data as desired.

As another example, the base driving score may be calculated accordingto the following equations:T _(i) Driving Score=min(100,250−(2*T _(i) percentile))Base DrivingScore=average of all T _(i) Driving Scores in which maxG-force(lateral,longitudinal)<predefined minimal value.

wherein:

-   -   T_(i) percentile is a percentile determined for each time stamp        T_(i) (e.g., G-force percentile, jerk percentile, or a weighted        average of G-force percentile and jerk percentile for the time        stamp T_(i));    -   T_(i) Driving Score is a driving score for each time stamp        T_(i); and    -   T_(i) Driving Scores in which max G-force (lateral,        longitudinal)<predefined minimal value indicates that data from        time stamps in which the max (lateral, longitudinal) G-force is        less than some predefined minimal value (e.g., 0.01) is excluded        from the calculations. For example, due to the fact that        g-forces may be less than some predefined minimal value (e.g.,        0.01) at some or many time stamps (e.g., during highway cruise        driving), as well as the issue of unstable g-force reading        (below) a predefined minimal value, module 42 may ignore data        from time stamps in which the max (lateral, longitudinal)        G-force is less than the predefined minimal value.

At step 110, data processing module 42 may identify and analyze anynotable driving events during the data collection session, based on thecollected/processed G-force data and jerk data. For example, module 42may compare the lateral and longitudinal G-force data to correspondingthreshold values to identify the occurrence of notable driving events.For example, module 42 may execute the following example algorithms toidentify the occurrence and type of a notable driving event (NDE) for aChevrolet Impala:

-   -   lat_magnitude_gf=max(0, abs(LatG)−0.40);    -   lon_magnitude_gf=max(0, abs(LonG)−0.30);    -   magnitude_gf=max(lat_magnitude_gf, lon_magnitude_gf);    -   if magnitude_gf=lat_magnitude_gf and latG.>0 then NDE_type=“L”;    -   else if magnitude_gf=lat_magnitude_gf and latG.<=0 then        NDE_type=“R”;    -   else if magnitude_gf=lon_magnitude_gf and lonG<0 then        NDE_type=“A”;    -   else if magnitude_gf=lon_magnitude_gf and lonG>=0 then        NDE_type=“D”;    -   else no NDE identified.

wherein:

-   -   LatG=lateral G-forces detected by the accelerometer;    -   LonG=longitudinal G-forces detected by the accelerometer;    -   NDE_type “L”=Left Cornering    -   NDE_type “R”=Right Cornering    -   NDE_type “A”=Acceleration    -   NDE_type “D”=Deceleration

The threshold values used in such algorithms (e.g., the LatG and LonGthreshold values 0.40 and 0.30 shown above) may be specific to one ormore parameters, such that module 42 applies appropriate thresholdsbased on the parameter(s) relevant to the data being analyzed. Forexample, module 42 may store different threshold values for differenttypes of vehicles. To illustrate an example, module 42 may store thefollowing threshold values for three different vehicles: Impala, Camaro,and FordVan:

-   -   Impala (shown above)        -   LatG threshold=0.40        -   LonG threshold=0.30    -   Camaro        -   LatG threshold=0.60        -   LonG threshold=0.40    -   Ford Van        -   LatG threshold=0.30        -   LonG threshold=0.30

It should be understood that the threshold values shown above areexamples only, and that any other suitable values may be used.

Data processing module 42 may further determine the severity level ofeach notable driving event (NDE) identified during the data collectionsession. For example, FIG. 7 provides an illustrative flow chart whereinmodule 42 may execute the following algorithm to determine the severitylevel (e.g., caution, warning, or extreme) of each NDE:

-   -   start 701 the algorithm    -   identify 702 the G-force magnitude peak associated with the NDE;    -   if the G-force magnitude peak is at least 0.2 above the relevant        LatG/LonG threshold 703, the NDE severity level is “extreme”        704;    -   else if the G-force magnitude peak is at least 0.1 above the        relevant LatG/LonG threshold 705, the NDE severity level is        “warning” 706;    -   else if the G-force magnitude peak is above the caution        threshold 707, the NDE severity level is “caution” 708; and    -   return 709 to the algorithm for detecting NDEs.        It should be understood that the threshold values shown above        (0.2 and 0.1) are examples only, and that any other suitable        values may be used.

FIG. 8 is a flow chart of an alternative illustrative algorithm fordetermining severity levels of notable driving events (NDE) identifiedduring data collection sessions. In this embodiment, the output severitylevels are “severe,” “medium” and “low.”

Data processing module 42 may further “de-dupe” identified NDEs, i.e.,eliminate or attempt to eliminate double counting (or more) of the sameNDE. For example, module 42 may apply an algorithm that applies a 30second rule for de-duping the same type of NDE (e.g., L, R, A, or D),and a 4 second rule for de-duping different types of NDEs. Thus, ifmultiple NDEs of the same type (e.g., two L-type events) are identifiedwithin a 30 second window, module 42 assumes that the same NDE is beingcounted multiple times, and thus treats the multiple identified NDEs asa single NDE. Further, if multiple NDEs of different types (e.g., oneL-type event and one R-type event) are identified within a 4 secondwindow, module 42 assumes that the same NDE is being counted multipletimes, and thus treats the multiple identified NDEs as a single NDE, andapplies any suitable rule to determine the NDE_type that the NDE will betreated as (e.g., the type of the first identified NDE controls, or aset of rules defining that particular NDE types control over other NDEtypes).

It should be understood that the de-duping time limits shown above (30seconds and 4 seconds) are examples only, and that any other suitabletime limits may be used.

Referring again to FIG. 4, at step 116 feedback module 44 may initiateand/or manage the storage of any of the data collected by datacollection module 40 at step 104 (e.g., raw data or filtered raw data)and/or any of the metrics, scores, or other data calculated or processedby data processing module 42 at steps 106-112, such that the stored datamay be subsequently accessed, e.g., for display or further processing.For example, feedback module 44 may store data in local volatile memoryfor display, in local non-volatile memory as historical driving data 46,and/or communicate data to remote devices 150 and/or remote driving datastorage 152.

As discussed above, in some embodiments, driving data collected byapplication 50 may be used by various third parties for variouspurposes. Thus, for example, at step 118, an insurance provider mayreceive or access driving behavior metrics and/or driving scorescollected by application 50 (e.g., by receiving or accessing historicaldriving data 46 directly from mobile device 10 and/or by receiving oraccessing historical driving data 152 from external storage), andanalyze such data for performing risk analysis of the respective driver.The insurance provider may determine appropriate insurance products orpremiums for the driver according to such risk analysis.

At step 112 (see FIG. 4), data processing module 42 may calculate anAdjusted Driving Score for the data collection session, by adjusting theBase Driving Score certain values calculated at step 108 based on NDEsdetermined at step 110. For example, module 42 may deduct from the BaseDriving Score based on the number, type, and/or severity level of NDEsdetermined at step 110. In some embodiments, only certain types and/orseverity levels of NDEs are deducted from the Base Driving Score. Forexample, module 42 may execute the following algorithm, in which only“warning” and “extreme” level NDEs (but not “caution” level NDEs) arededucted from the Base Driving Score:

-   -   NDE Penalty for each NDE=50*(G-force−G-force warning threshold);    -   Adjusted Driving Score=Base Driving Score−sum (NDE Penalties)

It should be understood that this algorithm is an example only, and thatany other suitable algorithms for determining an Adjusted Driving Scoremay be used.

At step 114, feedback module 44 may display any of the data collected bydata collection module 40 at step 104 (e.g., raw data or filtered rawdata) and/or any of the metrics, scores, or other data calculated orprocessed by data processing module 42 at steps 106-112. This mayinclude any manner of “displaying” data as discussed above, e.g.,displaying data on display device 36 on mobile device 10, providingvisual, audible, or other sensory feedback to the driver via mobiledevice 10 or other device in the vehicle, communicating data to remotecomputer devices for remote display, etc. In some embodiments, feedbackmodule 44 may facilitate user interaction with application 50 (e.g., viaa touch screen display 36 or other input devices 38) allowing the userto view any of the data discussed above, e.g., by user selection ornavigation of displayed objects).

FIG. 5 illustrates an example system 140 for sharing driving databetween a mobile device 10 including driving analysis application 50 andother external systems or devices, according to certain embodiments. Asshown, mobile device 10 may be communicatively connected to one or moreremote computers 150 and/or remote data storage systems 152 via one ormore networks 144.

Computers 150 may include any one or more devices operable to receivedriving data from mobile device 10 and further process and/or displaysuch data, e.g., mobile telephones, personal digital assistants (PDA),laptop computers, desktop computers, servers, or any other device. Insome embodiments, a computer 150 may include any suitable application(s)for interfacing with application 50 on mobile device 10, e.g., whichapplication(s) may be downloaded via the Internet or otherwise installedon computer 150.

In some embodiments, one or more computers 150 may be configured toperform some or all of the data processing discussed above with respectto data processing module 42 on mobile device 10. Such a computer may bereferred to herein as a remote processing computer. For example, mobiledevice 10 may communicate some or all data collected by data collectionmodule 40 (raw data, filtered data, or otherwise partially processeddata) to a remote processing computer 150, which may process (or furtherprocess) the received data, e.g., by performing any or all of the driverdata processing discussed above with respect to data processing module42, and/or additional data processing. After processing the data,computer 150 may then communicate the processed data back to mobiledevice 10 (e.g., for storage and/or display), to other remote computers150 (e.g., for storage and/or display), and/or to remote data storage152. The data processing and communication of data by computer 150 maybe performed in real time or at any other suitable time. In someembodiments, computer 150 may process driving data from mobile device 10and communicate the processed data back to mobile device 10 such thatthe data may be displayed by mobile device 10 substantially in realtime, or alternatively at or shortly after (e.g., within seconds of) thecompletion of a driving data collection session.

Using one or more computers 150 to perform some or all of the processingof the driving data may allow for more processing resources to beapplied to the data processing (e.g., thus providing for faster oradditional levels of data processing), as compared to processing thedata by mobile device 10 itself. Further, using computer(s) 150 toperform some or all of the data processing may free up processingresources of mobile device 10, which may be advantageous.

Remote data storage devices 152 may include any one or more data storagedevices for storing driving data received from mobile device 10 and/orcomputers 150. Remote data storage 152 may comprise any one or moredevices suitable for storing electronic data, e.g., RAM, DRAM, ROM,flash memory, and/or any other type of volatile or non-volatile memoryor storage device. A remote data storage device 152 may include anysuitable application(s) for interfacing with application 50 on mobiledevice 10 and/or with relevant applications on computers 150.

Network(s) 144 may be implemented as, or may be a part of, a storagearea network (SAN), personal area network (PAN), local area network(LAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a wide area network (WAN), awireless local area network (WLAN), a virtual private network (VPN), anintranet, the Internet or any other appropriate architecture or systemthat facilitates the communication of signals, data and/or messages(generally referred to as data) via any one or more wired and/orwireless communication links. The network(s) 144 may include anycommunication link known to persons of skill, including for example,cloud, cellular or satellite transmission, magnetic or optical media,radio frequency transmission, microwave or fiber optic transmission, orcommunications via Internet, cable, or satellite providers.

Referring to FIG. 9, an example of an architectural design for aninfrastructure according to embodiments of the invention. Aninfrastructure 151 according to one embodiment comprises a remote datastorage system 152 and a property and casualty system 153. Data may betransmitted via a network 144 from a mobile device 10 in a vehicle 12 toa remote data storage system 152.

The remote data storage system 152 comprises a server 154 and a database155. The database 155 stores various data and information transmitted toit via the server 154, including: data received from a mobile device156, data calculated by a mobile device prior to receiving 157, andcaptured and available data for property and casualty rating 158. Datareceived from a mobile device 156 may comprise: device identification;Bluetooth MAC address; trip number; location-latitude;location-longitude; location-coarse/fine indicator; speed;acceleration-X; acceleration-Y; acceleration-Z; GPS date and time; turnindicator and/or GPS accuracy. Prior to sending, the mobile device 10may also calculate information. Data calculated by a mobile device priorto receiving 157 may include: turn indicator; lateral G force;longitudinal G force; turn radius; average lateral G force; averagelongitudinal G force; average turn radius; X midpoint; X now; X back 1;X back 2; Y midpoint; Y now; Y back 1; Y back 2; tangent calculation forradius 1; tangent calculation for radius 2; time change betweenlocations; longitude G with local gravity; lateral G with local gravity;lateral G calculated; lateral G second derivative; and/or parallel Gslope. Examples of captured and available data for property and casualtyrating 158 may include: vehicle information (age, manufacturer, model,value), driver information (age, sex, marital status, driving record,accident history, residence), and insurance information (liability,uninsured motorists, comprehensive, collision, liability limits,deductibles, rebates, discounts).

The property and casualty system 153 comprises a server 140, a storageapplication 141, a staging telematics database 142 and an operationaltelematics data base 143. The property and casualty system 153 uses thedata captured by the remote data storage system 152 to calculateproperty and casualty premiums for the operators of vehicles. Thresholdmetrics may be established for driving behaviors so that property andcasualty premiums may be identified to correspond to the drivingbehaviors. This system may be automated so that the property andcasualty premiums may be charge to the operators of vehicles in realtime depending on their driving behaviors.

FIG. 10 provides a flow chart for a driving analysis application 50. Theapplication launches 160 on a mobile device 10 (see FIG. 1) and splashes161 an introductory page publishing the name of the application andappropriate logos to identify the application. The application queriesthe user 162 to determine whether the user is registered. If the user isnot registered, the application 50 will prompt the user to create anaccount 163. When the user is registering for the first time, the usermay enter details like: username; password; vehicle make; vehicle year;vehicle model; and/or vehicle odometer reading. The application 50 maythen determine if an account is successfully created 167, and if notagain prompt the user to create an account 163. If an account issuccessfully created 167, the user may be directed to a main menu(landing page) 164 that may have options: (1) a Bluetooth pairing setup165 for completing the registration or modifying the car which is beingused; (2) a daily summary 168 giving details regarding the trips of theuser; (3) an odometer option 169 for updating the odometer reading ofthe paired vehicle; and (4) a help section 170 for the user to reporttechnical difficulties with the application 50 or to answer questionsthat the user may have.

From the main menu (landing page) 164, the user may select a Bluetoothpairing setup 165 for completing the registration or modifying thevehicle which is being operated by completing a Bluetooth pairing. Ifthe user exits the application prior to Bluetooth pairing, then the usermay not able to access the daily summary and odometer details. If theBluetooth pairing 165 is successful, then the data 166 (Bluetoothpairing; vehicle year; vehicle model; and/or vehicle odometer reading)may be transmitted to a server 154. If the Bluetooth pairing 165 isunsuccessful, the application 50 may return to the main menu (landingpage) 164. Once as user has successfully created an account 163 andBluetooth paired 165 the mobile device 10 with the vehicle 12, theapplication 50 always runs in the background for collection of data. Assoon as the user starts the vehicle, the data logging starts to takeplace. Collected data is automatically transmitted to the server 154,described more fully below. During the whole process certain data issent to the server 154 from the mobile device 10, and similarly aftercalculations are made, data may be received by the mobile device 10 fromthe server 154. Data sent to the server 154 may include: Username;Password; Vehicle Make; Vehicle Year; Vehicle Model; Odometer Reading;and Bluetooth Mac address. Data received from the server 154 mayinclude: Date Selection; Vehicle Details; Total Miles Driven; Number ofStops; Number of Trips; Maximum Speed; Odometer Reading; Time SpecificDetails; Speed Specific Details; and Trip List.

In alternative embodiments of the invention, any trigger may be used totell the application 50 to begin logging data. For example, a thresholdengine speed (RPM) may trigger data logging. As a further example,movement of the vehicle 12 may trigger data logging.

FIG. 10 further shows that, from the main menu (landing page) 164, theuser may select a daily summary 168 giving details regarding the tripsof the user. Based on the trips for that particular day a daily reportis available to the user. The daily report includes vehicle use data171, which may be transmitted from the remote data storage device 152 tothe mobile device 10. The vehicle use data 171 may include: 1) “dateselection” for the user to select the date of which he wants thedetails; 2) “vehicle details” that were entered by the user at thestart; 3) “total miles driven” are recorded by the application 50 oncethe user has registered; 4) “number of stops” provides information aboutthe vehicle not moving, i.e., idling or being at 0 mph; 5) “number oftrips” provides the total trips on that particular day; 6) “maximumspeed” is the max speed reached on that particular day; and 7) “odometerreading” is the total odometer reading (User Entered Value+Total MilesDriven). The daily report may also allow the user to view: time specificdetails 172; speed specific details 173; and trip specific details 174.

Time specific details (Time Interval) 172 may include time in blocks of2 hours displayed on the left hand side, which is helpful for the userto know in which times he has driven the most. Time specific details maybe relevant to insurance providers to know whether the user is drivingin high, moderate or low traffic times. Time specific details (TimeInterval) 172 may also include trip percentages, so the user can seewhat percent of total daily driving each trip comprised.

Speed Specific Details (Speed Interval) 173 may include time in blocksof 10, with a separate section for idling displayed on the left handside, which may be helpful for the user to know the speed range he hasdriven the most. It may be relevant to insurance providers to knowwhether the user is driving at high, moderate or low speeds to determinerisks of potential accidents. Speed Specific Details (Speed Interval)173 may also include percentages in which the user drove at particularspeed ranges, wherein the percentages add up to a total of 100% for thatday.

Different Trip Details 174 may contain a list of trips by the user onthat particular day. When the user selects a particular trip, theapplication 50 may provide the user the route that was traversed on thetrip, which is similar to a GPS plot on a map.

Turning to FIGS. 11A-11K, example screen shots of the application userinterface are provided. FIG. 11A illustrates an user interface forprompting the user to create an account 163, wherein fields are providedfor a user ID, password, and zip code. If the user successfully createsan account, the application 50 prompts the user to select Setting tocomplete registration as shown in FIG. 11B. A Settings tab (see FIG.11C) allows the user to navigate to a Bluetooth Setup window as shown inFIG. 11D. From this window, the user may select a Bluetooth Settingstab, which will enable the application 50 to cause the mobile device 10to search for a signal from a vehicle 12 and pair the mobile device 10to the vehicle 12. After pairing, a Vehicle screen is displayed to theuser so that the user is prompted to enter the year, make, model andodometer of the paired vehicle 12, as shown in FIG. 11E. Once pairedwith the vehicle, registration is complete.

FIG. 11F shows a screen shot for a main menu (landing page) 164. Theuser is provided tabs for Drive Data, Odometer, Settings, and Help. TheDrive Data tab allows the user to navigate to a Daily Report screen asshown in FIG. 11G. For any given day selectable by the user, the DailyReport identifies the vehicle, provides the total miles driven (movingtime), the number of stops, the number of trips, the maximum speed, andthe odometer. The Daily Report screen also provides the user three tabs:Speed, Time, and Trip. The Speed tab navigates to a screen as shown inFIG. 11H, which shows speed ranges in increments of 10 miles per hour,for example, and the percent of time the vehicle was operated withineach speed range during the day. In this illustration for a vehicleoperated on Dec. 22, 2011, the vehicle idled for 22% of the time, wasoperated between 1-9 mph for 6% of the time, was operated between 10-19mph for 9% of the time, was operated between 20-29 mph for 9% of thetime, was operated between 30-39 mph for 20% of the time, was operatedbetween 40-49 mph for 31% of the time, and was operated between 50-59mph for 4% of the time. The Time tab shown in FIG. 11G navigates to ascreen as shown in FIG. 11I, which provides periods of time during theday and the percent of operation during each time period. In thisillustration for a vehicle operated on Dec. 22, 2011, 100% of theoperation was between 6:00-7:59 am. The Trip tab shown in FIG. 11Gnavigates to a screen as shown in FIG. 11J, which provides a listing oftrips for the selected date. In this example, only one trip (6:06 AM 6.5miles) was recorded on the selected day. If the user selects a tripdisplayed on the screen of FIG. 11J, the application 50 navigates to amap with the trip plotted thereon, as shown in FIG. 11K.

Referring again to FIG. 11F, if the user selects the Odometer tab fromthe main menu (landing page) 164, the application navigates to anOdometer Update screen as shown in FIG. 11L. This screen prompts theuser to enter the actual vehicle odometer reading.

FIG. 12 illustrates a flow chart for the collection and analysis ofvehicle use data according to certain embodiments of the invention. Whenthe user starts 180 the engine of the vehicle, a Bluetooth connection ismade 181 between the mobile device 10 and the vehicle 12. If theBluetooth connection is unsuccessful, the application 50 does not startlogging data 182. If the Bluetooth connection is successful, theapplication 50 does start logging data 183. The application 50 will logvehicle use data until the vehicle engine is turned off. The status ofthe engine is monitored 184 and if the engine is turned off, theapplication 50 stops logging data 185. Any data collected on the mobiledevice when the engine is turned off is sent to the server 154 of theremote data storage system 152. As long as the vehicle engine is notturned off, data is collected 186 every second on the mobile device 10.Data collected every second 187 may include: (1) Acceleration Data fromaccelerometer or sensor used for determining speed, stops, acceleration,and turns; (2) G-force Data for very high speed brakes, hard brakes,smooth brakes, very high speed turns, hard turns, smooth turns, veryhigh speed acceleration, hard acceleration, or smooth acceleration; (3)GPS/Location Coordinate Data used for plotting the route and speed; and(4) Time based information for telling time periods of operation. Datais transmitted 188 from the mobile device 10 to the server 154 of theremote data storage system 152 via a network 144. Every 1 minute of datais sent 189 to the server for backend calculations if the network isreadily available. In the case of non availability of network orintermittent availability the data is stored 191 on the mobile device 10until that batch is sent to the server. It is sent as soon as thenetwork is available on the user's mobile device 10. Data is sent back190 from the server after calculations for the users Daily Report andalso to allow the user to see the data in the terms of the time, tripand speed. When the vehicle is turned off, the application stops loggingthe data 185, and the remaining data is then sent to the server forcalculations at the point of disconnection of the Bluetooth.

While some embodiments of the invention use a Bluetooth pairing betweenthe mobile device 10 and the vehicle 12, any pairing methodology knownto persons of skill may be employed. For example, an audio signal mayfingerprint the vehicle 12 for the mobile device 10. Radio frequencysignals may also be used.

According to different aspects of the invention, software may reside onthe mobile device 10 in the application 50 to perform variouscalculations and manipulation of data, or software may reside on aremote processing computer 150 or a remote data storage system 152 toperform these functions. Depending on the storage and communicationcapabilities of the mobile device 10, it may be more efficient toperform functions on the mobile device 10 or on the on a remoteprocessing computer 150 or a remote data storage system 152.

A rating engine according to embodiments of the present invention may beused to generate or calculate use-based insurance premiums, which may beapplied prospectively or retrospectively. Based on the collected data, apreviously paid insurance premium may be adjusted by providing a rebatefor low risk driving behaviors or charging a surcharge for high riskdriving behaviors. In this retrospective case, the cost of insurance maybe the sum of a base premium and the surcharge or rebate. In aprospective case, use data may be collected for a given month and usedas a basis to set an insurance premium for a subsequent month.

A rating engine may be used to calculate an insurance premium based onthe data collected from the mobile device 10. From the data collectedfrom the mobile device 10, individual factors tending to have predictivepower may be isolated and fed into the automated rating engine. Theindividual factors may be placed in context with other known informationabout the insured user to increase the predictive power of the automatedrating engine to set an appropriate insurance premium for the particularinsured user. Insurance premiums are typically calculated based onactuarial classifications, which may be required for underwriting. Theseclassifications may include: vehicle type, vehicle age, user age, usersex, driving history, place of residence, place of employment, trafficviolations, vehicle equipment (airbags, antilock breaks, theft control),etc. Data collected from the mobile device 10 may be used to supplementthese actuarial classifications to calculate an insurance premium.

The rating engine may employ use-based information from many drivers toidentify factors that have greater or less predictive power. As moredata is collected on a larger number of vehicle users, over time, therating engine may be improved to place greater weight on those usefactors that tend to have greater predictive power.

The use data collected from vehicles may be inserted into an insurancecompany's normal data streams to allow the rating engine to calculateinsurance premiums based on all available information. Normal billingcycles and processes for communicating premium information to insuredusers may proceed without disruption as the rating engine proceeds asnormal, except that it now incorporates use-based information into thepremium calculation.

To encourage vehicle users to register their mobile devices 10 anddownload the application 50 so as to take advantage of use-basedinsurance products, wireless service providers may discount serviceprovider premiums in exchange for users registering their mobile devices10 for use-based insurance. Wireless service providers and carrierscurrently offer a number of discounts and/or subsidizing programs forphone and data plans. Participants in use-based insurance programs maybe offered discounts or subsidized programs relative to their phone ordata plans.

Embodiments of the invention may be used in a variety of applications.For example, a driver feedback mobile device could be used to proctor adriver's test for a candidate to obtain a driver's license. It may beused to educate drivers about how to drive in ways that promote betterfuel efficiency. The invention may be used to leverage mobile devices toquantify and differentiate an individual's insurance risk base on actualdriving behaviors and/or driving environment. The invention may be usedto provide data that could be used as a basis to provide a potentialcustomer a quote for insurance. Embodiments of the invention may be usedby driver education instructors and systems to educate drivers aboutsafe driving behaviors.

Although the disclosed embodiments are described in detail in thepresent disclosure, it should be understood that various changes,substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments withoutdeparting from their spirit and scope.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: collecting, by a mobiledevice via execution of an application stored locally in the mobiledevice, vehicle operation data while a vehicle is in operation, thecollecting step comprising automatically collecting the vehicleoperation data via one or more sensors integrated in the mobile deviceduring a data collection session, the collecting step including:automatically beginning to collect the vehicle operation data inresponse to detecting a first predefined triggering event regardingoperation of the vehicle; and stopping collection of the vehicleoperation data in response to detecting a second predefined triggeringevent regarding operation of the vehicle, wherein the step of the mobiledevice collecting vehicle operation data comprises the mobile devicecollecting vehicle operation data periodically during vehicle operation;collecting, by the mobile device via execution of the application storedlocally in the mobile device and via the one or more sensors integratedin the mobile device, geographic location information during the datacollection session, the collected geographic location informationdynamically identifies a location of the vehicle; scoring, by the mobiledevice, the driving behavior of a driver via execution of theapplication stored locally in the mobile device by: comparing thevehicle operation data collected by the one or more integrated sensorswith one or more predefined threshold values; identifying one or morenotable driving events based on the comparison of the collected vehicleoperation data with the one or more predefined threshold values;determining a geographic location of each identified notable drivingevent based on the collected geographic location information;calculating one or more driving scores for the driver based at least onthe collected vehicle operation data and the one or more identifiednotable driving events; displaying, by the mobile device via executionof the application stored locally in the mobile device and via a displaydevice integrated in the mobile device, the one or more driving scores;and displaying, by the mobile device via execution of the applicationstored locally in the mobile device and via the display deviceintegrated in the mobile device, a map indicating the geographiclocation determined for each identified notable driving event.
 2. Themethod of claim 1, comprising: after calculating the one or more drivingscores by the mobile device executing the locally stored application,transmitting, by the mobile device, the calculated one or more drivingscores to a remote processing computer for insurance premium analysis;receiving, by the mobile device from the remote processing computer,data comprising an insurance premium for the driver; and displaying, bythe mobile device, the insurance premium for the driver.
 3. The methodof claim 2, wherein the step of the mobile device transmitting thecalculated one or more driving scores related to driving behavior of thedriver to the remote processing computer comprises the mobile devicetransmitting said one or more driving scores to the remote processingcomputer periodically.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said mobiledevice is a device selected from smartphone, cell phone, mobiletelephone, personal digital assistant (PDA), laptop computer, andtablet-style computer.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of themobile device collecting vehicle operation data comprises sensing acharacteristic of the mobile computing device selected from distancetraveled, location, time, and g-force dynamics via the one or moresensors associated with the mobile device.
 6. The method of claim 1,wherein the first predefined triggering event regarding operation of thevehicle is selected from the group consisting of vehicle engine start,threshold vehicle engine RPM, and movement of the vehicle.
 7. The methodof claim 1, wherein the second predefined triggering event regardingoperation of the vehicle is selected from the group consisting ofvehicle engine stop, threshold vehicle engine RPM, and cessation ofvehicle movement.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein scoring the drivingbehavior of the driver via execution of the application stored locallyin the mobile device comprises determining, for a particular identifiednotable driving event, a severity level of the particular notabledriving event by comparing collected vehicle operation data related tothe notable driving event to a plurality of predefined threshold valuescorresponding to a plurality of predefined severity levels.
 9. Themethod of claim 8, wherein displaying, by the mobile device, the mapindicating the geographic location determined for each identifiednotable driving event comprises visually indicating the determinedseverity level of the particular notable driving event.
 10. A mobiledevice, comprising: a processor; one or more sensors integrated in themobile device; a display device; and a non-transitory computer readablestorage medium storing instructions, which when executed by theprocessor of the mobile device, cause the processor to perform thefollowing steps: collect vehicle operation data during a data collectionsession from the one or more sensors integrated in the mobile devicewhile a vehicle is in operation, the collecting step including:automatically beginning to collect the vehicle operation data inresponse to detecting a first predefined triggering event regardingoperation of the vehicle; and stopping collection of the vehicleoperation data in response to detecting a second predefined triggeringevent regarding operation of the vehicle, wherein the step of the mobiledevice collecting vehicle operation data comprises sensing acharacteristic of the mobile computing device selected from distancetraveled, location, time, and g-force dynamics via the one or moresensors associated with the mobile device; collect geographic locationinformation during the data collection session from the one or moresensors integrated in the mobile device, the collected geographiclocation information dynamically identifies a location of the vehicle;score the driving behavior of a driver by: comparing the vehicleoperation data collected by the one or more integrated sensors with oneor more predefined threshold values; identifying one or more notabledriving events based on the comparison of the collected vehicleoperation data with the one or more predefined threshold values;determining a geographic location of each identified notable drivingevent based on the collected geographic location information;calculating one or more driving scores for the driver based at least onthe collected vehicle operation data and the one or more identifiednotable driving events; display via the display device the one or moredriving scores; and display via the display device a map indicating thegeographic location determined for each identified notable drivingevent.
 11. The mobile device of claim 10, wherein the instructionsstored in the non-transitory computer readable storage medium arefurther executable by the processor to cause the processor to: aftercalculating the one or more driving scores by the mobile deviceexecuting the locally stored application, transmit the calculated one ormore driving scores from the mobile device to a remote processingcomputer for insurance premium analysis; receive, from the remoteprocessing computer, data comprising an insurance premium for thedriver; and display on the display device of the mobile device theinsurance premium for the driver.
 12. The mobile device of claim 11,wherein the step of the mobile device transmitting the calculated one ormore driving scores related to driving behavior of the driver to theremote processing computer comprises the mobile device transmitting saidone or more driving scores to the remote processing computerperiodically.
 13. The mobile device of claim 10, wherein said mobiledevice is a device selected from smartphone, cell phone, mobiletelephone, personal digital assistant (PDA), laptop computer, andtablet-style computer.
 14. The mobile device of claim 10, wherein thestep of the mobile device collecting vehicle operation data comprisesthe mobile device collecting vehicle operation data periodically duringvehicle operation.
 15. The mobile device of claim 10, wherein the firstpredefined triggering event regarding operation of the vehicle isselected from the group consisting of vehicle engine start, thresholdvehicle engine RPM, and movement of the vehicle.
 16. The mobile deviceof claim 10, wherein the second predefined triggering event regardingoperation of the vehicle is selected from the group consisting ofvehicle engine stop, threshold vehicle engine RPM, and cessation ofvehicle movement.
 17. The mobile device of claim 10, wherein scoring thedriving behavior of the driver comprises determining, for a particularidentified notable driving event, a severity level of the particularnotable driving event by comparing collected vehicle operation datarelated to the notable driving event to a plurality of predefinedthreshold values corresponding to a plurality of predefined severitylevels.
 18. The mobile device of claim 17, wherein displaying the mapindicating the geographic location determined for each identifiednotable driving event comprises visually indicating the determinedseverity level of the particular notable driving event.